About the authors

This report was written by Dr Mike Nix, George Onisiforou and Dr Annabelle Painter.

Dr Mike Nix is a Clinical Fellow for AI and Workforce at Health Education England and the NHS Artificial Intelligence (AI) Lab.

George Onisiforou is a Research Manager for the AI Ethics Initiative at the NHS AI Lab.

Dr Annabelle Painter is a Clinical Fellow for AI and Workforce at Health Education England and the NHS AI Lab.

The authors would like to thank the below.

• Dr Hatim Abdulhussein (Health Education England), Brhmie Balaram (NHS AI Lab), Lucy Dodkin (Health Education England), Tom Hardie (The Health Foundation), and Richard Turnbull (Health Education England) for their ongoing guidance and oversight of all research deliverables.
• Dominic Cushnan, Louise Evans, Sarah-Jane Green, Eleonora Harwich, Alison Lowe, Giuseppe Sollazzo, Leanne Summers, and Mathew Watt (at the NHS AI Lab); and Prof Adrian Brooke, Alan Davies, Patrick Mitchell, and Chris Munsch (at Health Education England) for reviewing aspects of this report.
• Allison Gardner (NICE), Dr Xiaoxuan Liu, Dr Russell Pearson (MHRA), Sir David Spiegelhalter FRS OBE, and Harriet Unsworth (NICE) for providing valuable feedback on aspects of this report.
• The individuals listed in Appendix A who contributed to this research through interviews and feedback on this report (and have agreed to be acknowledged), and all other interviewees for this research.
• Jennifer Berger (NHS AI Lab) and Beth Johnson (Health Education England) for their support with communications activities.
• Nic Hinton (Karoshikula) for designing the report.
• Hena Aziz (NHS AI Lab) for her support with research tasks.