References

Below are a list of references used throughout the capability framework.

¹ Health Education England (2019) The Topol Review: Preparing the healthcare workforce to deliver the digital future

² Health Education England (2018) A Health and Care Digital Capabilities Framework

³ Joshi, I., Morley, J.,(eds) (2019). Artificial Intelligence: How to get it right. Putting policy into practice for safe data-driven innovation in health and care. London, United Kingdom: NHSX.

⁴ Park, SH., Do, KH., Kim, S., Park, JH., Lim Y. (2019) What should medical students know about artificial intelligence in medicine? J Educ Eval Health Prof 16:18

⁵ Paranjape, K., Schinkel, M., Panday, RN., Car, J., Nanayakkara, P. (2019) Introducing Artificial Intelligence Training in Medical Education. JMIR Medical Education 5(2):pp1-12

⁶ Xafis, V., Schaefer, O., Labude, MK., Brassington, I., Ballantyne, A., Lim, HY., Lipworth, W., Lysaght, T., Stewart, C., Sun, S., Laurie, GT., Tai, ES. (2019) An Ethics Framework for Big Data in Health and Research. Asian Bio-ethics Review 11:227–254

⁷ Reddy, S., Allan, S., Coghlan, S., Cooper, P. (2020) A governance model for the application of AI in health care. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 27(3):pp491–497

⁸ Kang, J., Thompson, RF., Aneja, S., Lehman, C., Trister, A., Zou, J., Obcemea, C., Naqa, IE. (2021) National Cancer Institute Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Oncology: Training the Next Generation. Practical Radiation Oncology 11:pp74-83

⁹ Banerjee, M., Chiew, D., Patel, KT., Johns, L., Chappell, D., Linton, N., Cole, GD., Francis, DP., Szram, J., Ross, J., Zaman, S. (2021) The impact of artificial intelligence on clinical education: perceptions of postgraduate trainee doctors in London (UK) and recommendations for trainers. BMC Medical Education 21:429

¹⁰ McCoy, LG., Nagaraj, S., Morgado, F., Harish, V., Das, S., Celi, LA. (2020) What do medical students actually need to know about artificial intelligence? npj Digital Medicine 3:86

¹1 Marx, EW,. Padmanabhan, P. (2021) Healthcare Digital Transformation: How consumerism, technology and pandemic are accelerating the future. Oxon: CRC Press

¹² Wartman, SA., Combs, CD. (2018) Medical education must move from the information age to the age of artificial intelligence. Acad Med 93(8):pp1107-1109

¹³ Davies, AC., Davies, A., Wilson, A., Saeed, H., Pringle, C., Eleftheriou, I., Bromiley, P (2021) Chapter 17: Working as an AI Specialist in The Health Information Workforce. Switzerland: Springer

¹⁴ Liu, D., Milsom, R., Calder, N., Patel, P (2019) NHS Informatics Workforce in England: Phase 1 Project Report. London: Health Education England

¹⁵ DoD (2020) AI Education Strategy. United States: Department of Defense (DoD) Joint Artificial Intelligence Center (JAIC)

¹⁶ Faculty of Clinical Informatics (2020) Core Competency Framework for Clinical Informaticians

¹⁷ FedIP (2021) Professionalism for better health and care. Federation for Informatics Professionals

¹⁸ CILIP (2021)

¹⁹ Stroner, P., Pitt, M., Kelsey, K., Hanson, D., Arafin, R. (2021) Report on competency frameworks for health service analysis. Association of Professional Healthcare Analysts (AphA)

²⁰ Greenhalgh, T., Macfarlane, F. (1997) Towards a competency grid for evidence-based practice. Eval Clin Pract 3:pp161-5

²¹ Davies, A., Mueller, J., Hassey, A., Moulton, G. (2021) Development of a core competency framework for clinical informatics. BMJ Health and Care Informatics 28:pp1-12

²² Churches, A. (2008) Bloom’s Digital Taxonomy. Unpublished.

²³ NICE (2021) Shared decision making. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 

²⁴ Internal Medical Device Regulators Forum

²⁵ NICE (2022) Evidence standards framework (ESF) for digital health technologies

²⁶ Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board [2015] SC 11 [2015] 1 AC 1430

²⁷ Rivera, SC., Liu, X., Chan, AW., Denniston, AK., Calvert, MJ., The SPIRIT-AI and CONSORT-AI Working Group, SPIRIT-AI and CONSORT-AI Steering Group and SPIRIT-AI and CONSORT-AI Consensus Group (2020) Guide-lines for clinical trial protocols for interventions involving artificial intelligence: the SPIRIT-AI extension. Nature Medicine 26:pp1351-1363

²⁸ Liu, X., Rivera, SC., Moher, D., Calvert, MJ., Denniston, AK., and The SPIRIT-AI and CONSORT-AI Working Group (2020) Reporting guidelines for clinical trial reports for interventions involving artificial intelligence: the CONSORT-AI extension. Nature Medicine 26:pp1364-1374

²⁹ MOD (2021) Human Augmentation—The Dawn of a New Paradigm: A strategic implications project. UK Ministry of Defence © Crown Copyright (2021)

³⁰ Painter, A., Nix, M., Omisiforou, G. (2022) Understanding Healthcare Workers Confidence in AI

³¹ Painter, A., Nix, M., Omisiforou, G. (2022) Developing Healthcare Workers Confidence in AI